![]() ![]() Alvey Natural Language Tools along with more operational and commercial systems, e.g. In this phase we got some practical resources & tools like parsers, e.g. The grammatico-logical approach, towards the end of decade, helped us with powerful general-purpose sentence processors like SRI’s Core Language Engine and Discourse Representation Theory, which offered a means of tackling more extended discourse. The third phase had the following in it − ![]() Due to the failure of practical system building in last phase, the researchers moved towards the use of logic for knowledge representation and reasoning in AI. This phase can be described as the grammatico-logical phase. Third Phase (Grammatico-logical Phase) – Late 1970s to late 1980s This system, when compared to the BASEBALL question-answering system, was recognized and provided for the need of inference on the knowledge base in interpreting and responding to language input. The input to this system was restricted and the language processing involved was a simple one.Ī much advanced system was described in Minsky (1968). In the same year, a BASEBALL question-answering system was also developed. In early 1961, the work began on the problems of addressing and constructing data or knowledge base. That is why, this phase is also called AI-flavored phase. In this phase, the work done was majorly related to world knowledge and on its role in the construction and manipulation of meaning representations. Second Phase (AI Influenced Phase) – Late 1960s to late 1970s ![]() In 1961, the work presented in Teddington International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language analysis was the high point of this phase. The first international conference on Machine Translation (MT) was held in 1952 and second was held in 1956. In the same year, the publication of the journal MT (Machine Translation) started. The research on NLP started in early 1950s after Booth & Richens’ investigation and Weaver’s memorandum on machine translation in 1949.ġ954 was the year when a limited experiment on automatic translation from Russian to English demonstrated in the Georgetown-IBM experiment. ![]() Let us now see all that the first phase had in it − This phase was a period of enthusiasm and optimism. The work done in this phase focused mainly on machine translation (MT). First Phase (Machine Translation Phase) - Late 1940s to late 1960s The phases have distinctive concerns and styles. We have divided the history of NLP into four phases. Technically, the main task of NLP would be to program computers for analyzing and processing huge amount of natural language data. In this sense, we can say that Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the sub-field of Computer Science especially Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is concerned about enabling computers to understand and process human language. In other words, can human beings communicate with computers in their natural language? It is a challenge for us to develop NLP applications because computers need structured data, but human speech is unstructured and often ambiguous in nature. However, the big question that confronts us in this AI era is that can we communicate in a similar manner with computers. For example, we think, we make decisions, plans and more in natural language precisely, in words. Language is a method of communication with the help of which we can speak, read and write. Natural Language Processing - Introduction ![]()
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